Keeping the skeleton strong and healthy is a complex process. The amount, structure, composition, and position of the bones should all be correct. Any errors or changes in these can lead to bone disease. This article discusses the various causes of bone disease in humans.
Many older individuals are diagnosed with osteoporosis based on the WHO criteria or prior fragility fractures. It is the healthcare provider’s responsibility to institute appropriate treatment of osteoporosis in older patients. In particular, patients with low bone mass and multiple risk factors for fractures should be considered for specific treatment of osteoporosis in old age. This is in addition to maximizing nutrition and emphasizing lifestyle modifications.
What are look up tables in radiography? The gray-scale values in a digital image consist of binary numbers. It is possible to reassign these numbers to other values based on predetermined rules. These rules are defined in a look-up table (LUT) which is essentially a reference histogram. A look-up table (LUT) is a series of mathematical equations that are used for post-processing in radiography. It is used to correct values using a mapping function. It allows the gray-scale values in the recorded image to be remapped to new values to improve the final image in some way, such as appropriate brightness and contrast. LUTs are specific to anatomic areas.
Dual photon X-ray absorptiometry (DPA) technology is now largely of academic interest. However, learning about it can help DXA operators understand the benefits of DXA and why it has become the gold standard in bone densitometry.
Over the past several decades, the use of ionizing radiation in medical imaging has increased dramatically. This has resulted in a substantial increase in the radiation dose humans are exposed to. In 1950, approximately 25 million radiographic and fluoroscopic exams were performed. This number skyrocketed to nearly 300 million by the mid-2000s. In the 1980s, only 15 percent of all artificial radiation exposure was on account of medical imaging; by the mid-2000s, this figure had risen to almost 50 percent.
